Il-bibien u t-twieqi huma l-unità tal-bini u s-simbolu dekorattiv tal-effett tal-faċċata, li fl-aħħar mill-aħħar jirrifletti l-karatteristiċi tal-bini. Għalkemm bini differenti għandu rekwiżiti differenti għad-disinn tal-bibien u t-twieqi, u d-daqs tal-bibien u t-twieqi dejjem qed jinbidel-, xorta jistgħu jinstabu xi regoli.
⒈ The door and window facade division should conform to the aesthetic characteristics, and the following factors should be considered in the division design
(1) Il-koordinazzjoni tal-proporzjon tad-diviżjoni. Safejn hija kkonċernata pjanċa tal-ħġieġ waħda, il-proporzjon tal-aspett għandu jkun kemm jista 'jkun qrib il-proporzjon tad-deheb, u m'għandux ikun iddisinjat fi kwadru jew rettangolu dejjaq b'proporzjon ta' aktar minn 1:2. kbir wisq jew żgħir wisq;
(2) Id-diviżjoni tal-bibien u t-twieqi għandu jkollha ċerti regoli u bidliet, u tfittex regoli fil-bidliet; il-linji tad-diviżjonijiet għandhom grad ta 'densità; id-diviżjoni ta 'distanzi u daqsijiet ugwali turi rigorożità, solennità, u serjetà; Id-diviżjoni turi ritmu, ħeġġa u dinamiżmu;
(3) Mill-inqas il-linji ta 'diviżjoni orizzontali tal-bibien u t-twieqi tal-istess kamra u l-istess ħajt għandhom ikunu fuq l-istess linja orizzontali kemm jista' jkun, u l-linji vertikali għandhom ikunu allinjati kemm jista 'jkun;
⑷When designing the facade of doors and windows, the overall effect requirements of the building should be considered, such as the contrast between the virtual and the real, the light and shadow effects, and the symmetry of the building.
⒉ Optional color of doors and windows (including the color of glass and profiles)
L-għażla tal-kulur tal-bibien u t-twieqi hija parti importanti mill-effett finali tal-bini. Il-kulur tal-bibien u t-twieqi għandu jkun imqabbel mal-karatteristiċi tal-bini. Meta jiġi ddeterminat il-kulur, għandu jiġi miftiehem mal-perit, is-sid u partijiet oħra.
⒊Personalized design of doors and windows
Skont il-passatempi differenti u l-opinjonijiet estetiċi tal-klijenti, jistgħu jiġu ddisinjati forom uniċi tal-faċċata tal-bibien u t-twieqi.
⒋The permeability of doors and windows
Huwa aħjar li ma tissettjax frejms orizzontali u gwarniċi vertikali fuq il-faċċata tal-bibien u t-twieqi fi ħdan l-għoli tal-linja tal-vista tal-pożizzjoni ewlenija tal-vista (madwar 1.5m sa 1.8m), sabiex ma timblokkax il-linja tal-vista. Xi bibien u twieqi jeħtieġ li jużaw ħġieġ bi trażmissjoni għolja tad-dawl jew jeħtieġu kamp viżiv miftuħ kbir, li huwa konvenjenti biex tara x-xenarju ta 'barra.
⒌Lighting and ventilation of doors and windows
The ventilation area of doors and windows and the number of movable fans should meet the requirements of building ventilation; at the same time, the lighting area of doors and windows should also meet the requirements of the "Building Lighting Design Standards" (GB/T50033-2001) and the requirements of architectural design drawings. Article 4.2.4 of "Energy-saving Design Standards for Public Buildings" (GB 50189-2005) stipulates that the ratio of the window-to-wall area of each orientation of the exterior windows of the building should not be greater than 0.70. When the window-to-wall area ratio is less than 0.40, the visible light transmittance of the glass should not be less than 0.4.
Disinn tas-sigurtà tal-bibien u t-tieqa
Bibien u twieqi tal-liga tal-aluminju stil klassiku
Bibien u twieqi tal-liga tal-aluminju stil klassiku
⒈The wall thickness of aluminum profiles for doors and windows requires that the wall thickness of aluminum profiles for windows conform to the current national standard high-precision grade, and the minimum wall thickness of the stressed components is Greater than or equal to 1.4mm.
⒈ The force-bearing rods of doors and windows (such as the light hook of sliding window, the central column, the sliding with light, the sliding with light, the double front, etc.) must undergo strict compression calculation. Thickness should be selected by calculation according to usage conditions. The stress components of aluminum alloy doors and windows shall be determined by test or calculation.
⒉ Door and window glass safety design
(1) Għażla tal-ħġieġ: Il-ħxuna tal-ħġieġ hija determinata b'kalkolu u m'għandhiex tkun inqas minn 5mm. Ħġieġ tas-sigurtà (ħġieġ ittemprat jew ħġieġ laminat) għandu jintuża għall-bibien u t-twieqi fil-partijiet li ġejjin tal-bini:
(a) Jiftħu twieqi barra bini b'7 sulari u aktar;
(b) Ħġieġ tat-tieqa b'erja akbar minn 1.5 metri kwadri;
(c) Twieqi mill-art-sa-saqaf bit-tarf ta' isfel tal-ħġieġ inqas minn 500mm mill-wiċċ finali tad-dekorazzjoni;
(d) Twieqi inklinati b'angolu inkluż ta' inqas minn 75 grad mill-orizzontali u b'saqaf inklinat akbar minn 3m mill-art ta' ġewwa;
(e) Bibien tal-ħġieġ gwarniċ b'erja tal-ħġieġ akbar minn 0.5 metri kwadri;
(f) Il-bieb tal-ħġieġ mingħajr frejm għandu jkun magħmul minn ħġieġ ittemprat bi ħxuna ta 'mhux inqas minn 10mm.
(2) The overlap between the glass and the notch and other matching dimensions shall comply with the provisions of Table 5 and Table 6 in "Aluminum Alloy Window" (GB/T 8479).
(3) L-iskanalaturi tal-qafas tal-liga tal-ħġieġ u tal-aluminju għandhom ikunu f'kuntatt flessibbli ma 'gaskits tal-gomma.
⑷The glass should be subjected to mechanical edging treatment, and the mesh number of the grinding wheel should be more than 180 meshes.
⒊The selection and design of hardware accessories.
(1) Meta tagħżel aċċessorji tal-ħardwer, ipprova agħżel prodotti bi kwalità garantita. Il-grad ta 'kwalità ta' aċċessorji tal-ħardwer għandu jkun konsistenti mal-grad ta 'kwalità ta' bibien u twieqi. L-istruttura u l-forma tal-aċċessorji tal-ħardwer għandhom ikunu konsistenti mal-profili. Il-kulur huwa armonjuż u sabiħ, il-funzjoni hija korretta, u l-operazzjoni hija flessibbli. , Faċli biex tinstalla.
(2) L-installazzjoni ta 'aċċessorji tal-ħardwer għandha tkun kompluta, standardizzata, affidabbli u preċiża. Wara l-installazzjoni, il-bibien u t-twieqi huma sbieħ fid-dehra, flessibbli u konvenjenti biex jinfetħu, ħielsa minn deformazzjoni, ostruzzjoni u ħabta.
(3) Qafliet esposti tal-aċċessorji tal-ħardwer għandhom preferibbilment jużaw prodotti tal-istainless steel.
(4) Il-bibien u t-twieqi tal-kaxxament u l-bibien u t-twieqi li jiżżerżqu kbar għandhom jingħalqu b'punti multipli ta 'lock, inkella l-issikkar tal-arja jitnaqqas ħafna taħt l-azzjoni ta' differenza ta 'pressjoni negattiva. Meta wieħed iqis il-konvenjenza tat-tħaddim, huwa aħjar li tuża pumi jew attwaturi b'ħafna-punt ta' lock.
⑸ The length of the sliding brace of the casement window is generally 2/3 of the width of the window sash. If the window sash is lighter, it can be 1/2. The length of the sliding brace of the upper-hung window is generally 1/2 of the window sash.
⑹For typhoon areas and high-rise buildings to open windows, it is recommended to use sliding braces for window sash installation, and no or less hinges are used.
⒋The overlap between the sliding door and window sash and the upper and lower frame guide rails should not be less than 10mm, and safety measures such as anti-fall blocks and anti-collision blocks must be installed to prevent the sash from falling and colliding and hurting people when it is opened.
⒌The height of the lower frame of the glass window movable fan on the exterior wall of the building should not be less than 900mm from the indoor ground. Under special circumstances, if it is less than 900mm, other protective safety measures (such as adding protective railings, etc.) should be taken.
⒍The screws and bolts used for the connection and fixation of aluminum alloy doors and windows must be made of high-quality stainless steel to prevent the screws from loosening due to galvanic corrosion. Stainless steel screws should be made of machine-made threads as much as possible, and self-tapping screws should be avoided as much as possible.
⒎ Doors and windows should be reliably connected and fixed with the wall
Il-metodi ta 'konnessjoni bejn il-bibien u t-twieqi u l-ħitan jinkludu prinċipalment konnessjoni tal-qafas tal-azzar, konnessjoni tal-iwweldjar tas-sieq tal-ħadid tal-ħaguna, konnessjoni tas-sieq tal-ħadid tal-ħaguna b'partijiet inkorporati, konnessjoni fissa tal-folja tal-azzar, konnessjoni fissa tal-bolt tal-espansjoni tal-folja tal-metall tal-azzar u l-bqija. Il-ħxuna tas-saqajn tal-ħadid tad-denb tal-ħamiema għandha tkun Akbar minn jew ugwali għal 3mm. Il-ħxuna tal-folja tal-azzar fissa hija Akbar minn jew ugwali għal 1.5mm, u l-wisa 'hija akbar minn jew ugwali għal 15mm. Is-saqajn kollha tad-denb tal-ħamiema u l-uċuħ fissi tal-azzar għandhom ikunu galvanizzati bis-sħana-. Id-distanza bejn il-punti fissi tal-bibien u t-twieqi hija ġeneralment bejn 300mm u 500mm, u ma tistax tkun akbar minn 500mm.
(1) Il-qafas imwaħħal bl-azzar huwa adattat għall-konnessjoni bejn il-bibien u t-twieqi u diversi ħitan, bi preċiżjoni għolja ta 'installazzjoni u konnessjoni affidabbli, iżda l-ispiża hija għolja.
(2) Il-konnessjoni bejn il-bibien u t-twieqi u l-istruttura tal-azzar tista 'tiġi wweldjata permezz ta' saqajn tal-ħadid tad-denb tal-ħamiera, u l-konnessjoni bejn is-saqajn tal-ħadid tad-denb tal-ħamiema u l-istruttura tal-azzar tista 'tiġi aġġustata billi tiwweldja vireg tal-azzar jew kodiċi tal-angolu tal-azzar.
(3) Il-konnessjoni bejn il-bibien u t-twieqi u l-ħajt tad-dawl għandha tadotta l-metodu ta 'konnessjoni tal-welding bejn is-saqajn tal-ħadid tad-denb tal-ħamiera u l-partijiet inkorporati, u s-saqajn tal-ħadid tad-denb tal-ħamiema u l-partijiet inkorporati għandhom jiġu aġġustati bl-iwweldjar b'vireg tal-azzar jew angolu tal-azzar kodiċijiet.
⑷The connection between doors and windows and reinforced concrete walls can be connected with fixed steel sheets (or dovetail iron feet) or metal expansion bolts. When using fixed steel sheets to connect fixed doors and windows, the gap between the frame around the door and the wall and the wall should be plugged with cement mortar. Cement mortar plug joints can connect the outer frame of doors and windows to the wall firmly and reliably, and play an important role in strengthening the frame materials of doors and windows. When the gap is filled with polyurethane foam caulk or other flexible materials, the fixed steel sheet should be replaced with dovetail iron feet to ensure the reliability of the connection between doors and windows and walls.
⑸The connection between the doors and windows and the brick wall can be connected by metal expansion bolts with fixed steel sheets (or dovetail iron feet). It is strictly forbidden to use nails to fix doors and windows on brick walls. Like reinforced concrete walls, when using fixed steel sheets, the gaps should be plugged with cement mortar, and when the gaps are filled with polyurethane foam sealants or other flexible materials, they should be fixed with dovetail iron feet.
Disinn tas-siġill li ma jgħaddix ilma minnu
⒈Minimum control index of watertight performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows
L-indiċi minimu tal-issikkar tal-bibien u t-twieqi tal-liga tal-aluminju jista 'jittieħed mill-formula li ġejja u mhux inqas minn 150Pa (jiġifieri, l-issikkar tal-bibien u t-twieqi tal-liga tal-aluminju ma tistax tkun inqas mill-indiċi tal-livell 2):
P=kμzμswo
Fil-formula, P: il-valur tad-disinn tal-issikkar tal-ilma (Pa);
wo: basic wind pressure (N/㎡);
μz: wind pressure height variation coefficient;
μs: body shape coefficient, preferably 1.2;
k: koeffiċjent, il-valur ta' k huwa {{0}}.3 f'żoni kostali ta' maltempati tropikali u tifun, u 0.25 f'postijiet oħra.
⒉ Door and window structure waterproof design
(1) Il-prinċipju tal-pressjoni isobarika jintuża b'mod attiv fid-disinn strutturali tal-bibien u t-twieqi tal-liga tal-aluminju, li huwa l-aktar mod effettiv biex tittejjeb il-prestazzjoni li ma jgħaddix ilma u s-siġillar tal-bibien u t-twieqi.
(2) Il-koinċidenza bejn is-sash mobbli u l-qafas tat-tieqa m'għandhiex tkun żgħira wisq, u l-koinċidenza bejn is-sash mobbli u l-qafas tat-tieqa tat-tieqa tal-kaxxa m'għandhiex tkun inqas minn 6mm.
(3) Għal -bini għoli, żoni kesħin u żoni b'rekwiżiti ta 'ffrankar ta' enerġija-għoli, ipprova tadotta l-istruttura ta 'bibien u twieqi tal-kaxxa, u uża inqas jew l-ebda bibien u twieqi li jiżżerżqu. Peress li hemm vojt kbir bejn is-sash li jiżżerżqu u l-binarji slide ta 'fuq u t'isfel, u ż-żewġ sashes li jmissu magħhom mhumiex fuq l-istess pjan, m'hemm l-ebda forza ta' siġillar u ippressar bejn iż-żewġ sashes, u l-uċuħ biss jintużaw biex jikkoinċidu u jikkoinċidu, u Hemm lakuni bejn l-uċuħ, u l-effett tas-siġillar huwa dgħajjef ħafna, għalhekk il-prestazzjoni tas-siġillar li ma jgħaddix ilma minnha ta 'bibien u twieqi li jiżżerżqu hija fqira ħafna. Il-bibien u t-twieqi tal-kaxxa huma pprovduti b'2 sa 3 strixxi tal-lastku li jissiġillaw bejn ix-xaxx u l-qafas tat-tieqa. Wara li l-sash jingħalaq u jissakkar, l-istrixxi tal-gomma tas-siġillar huma ppressati sewwa, u l-kavità tan-nofs hija faċli biex tifforma kavità isobarika, għalhekk tista 'tkun Disinn ta' bibien u twieqi b'rendiment eċċellenti ta 'siġillar.
⑷The aluminum alloy glass pressing line of the glass for doors and windows should be designed in the indoor direction to avoid water seepage in the fine gap between the glass pressing line and the window frame.
⑸ Push-pull type doors and windows should be designed with a high enough water baffle on the indoor side, otherwise when the outdoor rainwater has a certain pressure, the rainwater will flow into the room through the water baffle.
⑹The upper part of the movable fan of doors and windows should be provided with a water drape, and the lower part should be provided with a drainage hole.
⑺ Combined doors and windows should minimize the exposed joints, because the small gaps cannot be sealed with sealant and leakage occurs. When the exposed seam cannot be avoided due to structural reasons, the two contact surfaces of the profiles at the seam will form a 90 degree angle, which is convenient for sealing with sealant.